Knowledge-Policy-Trend

In the updated NDC, the estimated emissions reduction with the FOLU by 2030 under the NDC scenario will be approximately 64.6 million tCO2e/year (41.7% reduction of which 59.1% is from the FOLU).
FOLU: Forestry and other Land Use

[Reference]
Cambodia's Updated Nationally Determined Contribution

(Link to UNFCCC website)

Power Development Masterplan (PDP) and National Energy Efficiency Policy (NEEP); The PDP is Cambodia’s first long-term plan for its power sector. The NEEP sets an ambitious national target for the reduction of energy consumption of at least 19 percent by 2030 in relation to a scenario without energy efficiency.

[Reference]
MME, ADB Present New Power Development Masterplan and National Energy Efficiency Policy, 16 March 2023
(Link to Cambodian People's Party website)

Unconditional Reduction: The Enhanced NDC increases unconditional emission reduction target of 31.89%, compared to 29% in the 1st NDC. The commitment will be implemented through effective land use and spatial planning, sustainable forest management which include social forestry program, restoring functions of degraded ecosystems including wetland ecosystems, improved agriculture productivity, energy conservation and the promotion of clean and renewable energy sources, and improved waste management.

Conditional Reduction: Indonesia can increase its contribution up to 43.20% reduction of emissions in 2030 conditionally, compared to 41% in the 1st NDC, subject to availability of international support for finance, technology transfer and development and capacity building.

In energy sector, Government Regulation No. 79/2014 on National Energy Policy, set out
the ambition to transform, by 2025 and 2050, the primary energy supply mix with shares as follows:
a) new and renewable energy at least 23% in 2025 and at least 31% in 2050;
b) oil should be less than 25% in 2025 and less than 20% in 2050;
c) coal should be minimum 30% in 2025 and minimum 25% in 2050; and
d) gas should be minimum 22% in 2025 and minimum 24% in 2050.

[Reference]

Republic of Indonesia, Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution

(Link to UNFCCC website)

Other policy

Indonesia Long-Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience 2050, (Indonesia LTS-LCCR 2050), 2021

(Link to UNFCCC website)

Malaysia intends to reduce its economy-wide carbon intensity (against GDP) of 45% in 2030 compared to 2005 level.

[Reference]
Malaysia’s Update of its First Nationally Determined Contribution
(Link to UNFCCC website)
In 2021, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Malaysia (KeTSA) set a target to reach 31% of RE share in the national installed capacity mix by 2025.

[Reference]
SEDA, Malaysia Renewable Energy Roadmap (MyRER)
(Link to SEDA website)
The effective and efficient implementation of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan supported with sufficient resources will be able to save 52,233 GWh of electricity over the plan period against a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. The corresponding electricity demand growth reduction at the end of the plan is 8.0%.

Final electricity energy demand in the year 2025 is expected to be reduced by 12,391 GWh and the cumulative savings over 10 years from 2016 to 2025 is 52,233 GWh.

[Reference]

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (2016-2025), 2015

(Link to Prime Minister's Office of Malaysia website)

Other policy

National Energy Policy, 2022-2040

(Link to Ministry of Economy website)
Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint 2021-2030: Decarbonizing Land Transportation
(Link to Malaysian Green Technology And Climate Change Corporation website)

The Philippines commits to a projected GHG emissions reduction and avoidance of 75%, of which 2.71% is unconditional and 72.29% is conditional, representing the country’s ambition for GHG mitigation for the period 2020 to 2030 for the sectors of agriculture, wastes, industry, transport, and energy. This commitment is referenced against a projected business-as-usual cumulative economy-wide emission of 3,340.3 MtCO2e for the same period.

[Reference]

Nationally Determined Contribution Communicated to the UNFCCC on 15 April 2021
(Link to UNFCCC website)

In Philippine Energy Plan 2020-2040 (PEP) , scenario assumptions of Clean Energy Scenario (Alternative scenario) are following;

35.0 percent and 50.0 percent RE share in the power generation mix by 2030 and 2040;
5.0 percent blending for biodiesel starting 2022;1.5 percent increase in aggregated natural gas consumption from the transport and industry sectors between 2020 and 2040;
10.0 percent penetration rate of electric vehicles for road transport (motorcycles, cars, jeepneys) by 2040;5.0 percent energy savings on oil products and electricity by 2040; and
At least 12.0 percent reduction in the GHG emission for the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).

Thailand intends to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent from the projected business-as-usual (BAU) level by 2030. The level of contribution could increase up to 40 percent, subject to adequate and enhanced access to technology development and transfer, financial resources and capacity building support. Furthermore, Thailand will continue vigorous efforts in its challenge to meet the long-term goal of carbon neutrality by 2050 and net-zero greenhouse gas emission by 2065.

[Reference]
Thailand’s 2nd Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)
(Link to UNFCCC website)

Thailand’s National Energy Efficiency Plan of 2018–2037 targeting Energy Intensity (EI) reduction in 2037 by 30% from the base year of 2010.
[Reference]
Thailand’s Fourth National Communication

(Link to UNFCCC website)

Other policies
Thailand’s Power Development Plan (PDP) 2018-2037 (Rev. 1) [Thai language]

(Link to Energy Policy & Planning Office website)

Unconditional Contribution: Viet Nam aims to reduce 15.8% of total GHG emissions by 2030 compared to BAU, equivalent to 146.3 Mt CO2eq.

Conditional Contribution: Viet Nam can increase its total emission reduction contribution to 43.5% by 2030 compared to BAU, equivalent to 403.7 Mt CO2eq.

[Reference]
Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) (UPDATED IN 2022)
(Link to UNFCCC website)

Other policies

Resolution of the Politburo on Orientations of the Viet Nam's National Energy Development. Strategy to 2030 and outlook to 2045 (No. 55-NQ/TW), 11 February 2020
No. 55-NQ/TW [Vietnamese]
(Link to website of Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper)
No. 55-NQ/TW [English] (unofficial translation)
(Link to Viet Nam Energy Partnership Group website)

National Green Growth Strategy for 2021-2030, vision towards 2050 (No. 1658/QD-TTg), 1 October 2021
(Link to website of ONLINE NEWSPAPER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM)

Policy Trends of ASEAN Member States

Brunei Darussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Vietnam